When the superficial wearies me it wearies me so much that I need an abyss in order to rest. By Antonio Porchia Voces1943 translated from Spanish by W.S. Merwin Find out about Depression Dental Management
Don't Get Burn Out As A Dental Assistant
Having a career as a Dental Assistant can be very rewarding. It can also be stressful and overwhelming at times. Working with people can get the best of us from time to time. Being a Dental Assistant requires ongoing dedication and energy. If you find yourself becoming physically and emotionally drained due to your work responsibilities as a Dental Assistant, you may be on your way to experiencing a burnout.
Often, stress and burnout are confused. Stress is also the result of the work environment. However, it is the result of periodic issues and complications in the work place. It might be having a bad day now and then. Burnout is a constant, ongoing feeling of not being adequate in your job on a daily basis. You may not longer take pride or interest in your position as a Dental Assistant.
Burnout results in feelings of hopelessness and resentment. If left untreated, it can escalate to depression. Dental Assistants who experience burnout often feel unappreciated, overworked, feel they have too much to accomplish in limited time, and begin to resent their level of responsibility. Placing unrealistic expectations on yourself is also a factor in burnout.
Burnout generally runs in stages. You go from feeling excited about your job as a Dental Assistant to forcing yourself to go to work each morning. Most people aren't even sure what is wrong at this point. However, you will begin to experience exhaustion that leads to irritability. Burnout often has symptoms including headaches, changes in appetite, and high blood pressure. During phases of burnout, your relationships both outside of work and at work are going to suffer.
If you feel you may be suffering from burnout, talk with your supervisor. You can find support in your co-workers. You might consider attending a few counseling sessions to help you develop an action plan.
To avoid and eliminate burnout in the Dental Assistant field, you must meet your physical and emotional needs. Too often we spread ourselves too thin. We focus on the needs of out patients, our employer, and our family. While this is great, it is important to remember your own needs. Eventually not taking care of them will result in your inability to care for the needs of anyone else.
Meet your physical needs by having regular checkups, getting enough sleep, and eating right. Exercise is a very important part of feeling good physically. To keep yourself feeling good mentally, use your coping skills. Know what triggers your negative feelings and keep them in check. Keep realistic goals and demands on your body and your time. Don't beat yourself up if you didn't accomplish everything you set out to do that day. Instead, focus on what you did accomplish. Learn to manage your time. It is OK to say know if you already feel over extended.
Focusing on your social needs is also important. Nurture your relationships with your spouse, children, and close friends. Stay involved in Church and community organizations that are of interest to you. If you are unhappy with your job as a Dental Assistant, talk to your employer about help to remedy the situation. Improving your communication skills with others will also improve your over all health.
Dental Assistants generally enjoy their career choice and put forth their best effort everyday. However, burnout is very common in the dental field. Knowing what causes burnout, they signs and symptoms, and effective ways to manage it will make you be able to focus on your job again. Improving your physical, mental, and social health will soon having you going to work with enthusiasm and a thirst for knowledge in the dental field soon. If your feelings don't change, you will want to discuss the situation further. It may be depression that needs to be treated instead of burnout. Realistically, some Dental Assistants realize at this time they need a career change.
Some people have a strenuous time in managing their fears, unease, and depression. Sometimes, their depression and fears can get best of them. As an outcome, here is an abrupt slope of techniques that a guise can use to help cope their dread, angst and depression.
One of the customs to control your depression is to challenge your denial belief with decisive statements and realistic idea. When encountering belief that made you're fearful or depressed, challenge those thoughts by asking manually questions that will claim objectivity and general gist. For example, you're anxious that if you do not get that job promotion then you will be trapped at your job eternally. This depresses you, however your judgment in this locality is unrealistic. The actuality of the stuff is that there all are kinds of jobs open and just because you do not get this job promotion does not mean that you will never get one. In addition, people change jobs all the time, and you forever have that option of vacant away if you are depressed at your here location.
Some people get depressed and have a tough time receiving out of bed in the mornings. When this happens, a self should take a profound breath and try to find something to do to get their tend off the question. A someone could take a move, listen to some melody, read the newspaper or do an activity that will give them a warm perspective on clothes. Doing something will get your psyche off the quandary and give you confidence to do other things.
Sometimes, we can get depressed over a duty that we will have to function in the near potential. When this happens, visualize manually liability the charge in your tend. For occasion, you and your bunch have to play in the championship volleyball fixture in front of a large group of people in the next the being. Before the big day comes, think manually live the sport in your wits. Imagine that your live in front of the large viewers. By singing the willing in your mind, you will be better arranged to perform for authentic when the time comes. Self-Visualization is a great way to decrease the panic and stress of a eminent site.
Another technique that is very valuable is to have a small notebook of activist statements that make us feel good. Whenever you come across an affirmation that makes you feel good, write it down in a small notebook that you can convey around with you in your abridged. Whenever you feel depressed, open your small notebook and read those statements.
Take advantage of the help that is untaken around you. If possible, sermon to a professional who can help you handle your fears and anxieties. They will be able to impart you with additional opinion and insights on how to treaty with your existing problem. By chatting to a professional, a persona will be portion themselves in the long run because they will become better able to treaty with their evils in the potential. Managing your fears and anxieties takes rehearsal. The more you attempt, the better you will become.
The techniques that I have just covered are some major ways to survive your fear, anxiety, and depression, however your best bet is to get some help from a professional.
You can't wring your hands and roll up your sleeves at the same time. By Pat Schroeder Find out about Depression Diagnosis Test
Depression Diagnosis Made Easy and Can be Made Early!
There are very few diseases that are as widespread and as dangerous as depression. Most of the failures in the cases of depression are because of the fact that most of the times the disease doesn’t get diagnosed at the correct time. The early signs of depression in a person are so common and mundane that the onlookers and the patient himself confuse them to be a passing phase. This difficulty in early diagnosis of depression helps the disease in spreading its roots in the biology of the person, or to be exact in his psyche. Though depression cures of all types are available nowadays, still this development has not eased the pain of the people who suffer the ailment. Depression cures also fail to show permanent results if the depression cause is prevalent in the patient’s life.
The importance of early diagnosis of depression cannot be overemphasized. Many a time’s doctors lose patients to depression even when they are diagnosed early on. This liability requires urgent attention and must be overcome for the good of the human race, more so because there is hardly any human being who is free from this curse. Not even children are free of this dreaded disease. Thus a break through was urgently required to nip off depression.
It is indeed heartening to know that the break through has been attained. Medical science cracked the biggest puzzle and has come out with depression cure. There is hope that the problem if diagnosed early will be cured now. This milestone achievement was made by the researchers in the University of Illinois. They have found out a protein in the brain whose change of location is indicative of depression. This change of location can be determined by a very simple lab test. The test can also determine if a depression patient is reacting well to a particular depression drug. It is certainly a very remarkable improvement as regards depression treatment. Earlier patients had to sometimes suffer antidepressant side effects or continue with medications even when they didn’t give results. With the help of this test it can be determined in a matter of few days whether a drug is suiting the person or not. This protein is therefore a sort of a marker in order to determine if a person is suffering depression and if yes than which will be the best medication for him.
Anti depressants are most commonly used for the purpose of depression cure. Out of all other drugs people buy xanax more as it has a better success rate. You can even buy xanax online after you have cleared all the formalities and have attained xanax prescription from your Doctor.
About the Author
The writer dwells on issues relating to anxiety, depression, stress, anti-anxiety treatments such as xanax and other issues associated with mental health. For more tidbits on these matters, visit the website xanax-effects.com
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Is a blood test for serotonin an accurate and/or reliable way of diagnosing or determining clinical depression
My husband was recently diagnosed with anemia and depression. The anemia was based on physical symptoms and blood tests. The depression diagnosis was based on mental and emotional symptoms. He also asked for a serotonin blood test, which was normal. He's been taking iron and an antidepressant. Now he says he "feels great" and that he thinks it was all because of the anemia. And he also believes now that he wasn't really depressed at all, since his serotonin level was normal. I'm really concerned that he will stop taking the antidepressant. And I really don't want to go back to the way he was when he started taking it. He was lethargic, but also very on edge and easily pissed off/quick to anger. It was like walking on glass around here. I just can't go through that again...
Thanks.
By definition (from the DSM-IV), major depressive disorder can't be diagnosed if there is a medical condition that could be causing the symptoms. Anemia would make him feel lethargic. While it shouldn't in itself make him irritable or edgy, people sometimes become that way when they feel like crap. I wasn't there when he was diagnosed and there may have been other symptoms of depression that could not be attributed to anemia.
Without having seen your husband back then and how he is now, this is a tough question to answer. If he really did have Major Depressive Disorder, then he needs to stay on the antidepressant for at least three months before trying to come off of it (assuming he has never had depressive episodes before--if he has he should stay on the meds longer). At the same time, I have a nagging suspicion that he is right and he did not truly have depression.
A diagnosis of depression is made based on questions and answers with the patient. There is some belief that patients with depression have decreased serotonin activity in their brain. This is still being debated and in order to test for this accurately, you need to do a spinal tap to check for 5-HIAA (breakdown product of serotonin) in the cerebro-spinal fluid. Blood or urine tests are not useful because the results will be skewed by serotonin produced in other parts of the body.
There isn't any real downside to staying on the antidepressant (unless he is experiencing side effects). If you are that concerned about it, it wouldn't hurt for him to stay on it for the three months.
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Disability Awareness Project: Anxiety and Depression in the Classroom
Presenting a wide scope of problems caused by B12 deficiency, this comprehensive guide provides up-to-date medical information about symptoms, testing, diagnosis, and treatment. Written for both the patient and the interested layperson, this detailed book outlines how physicians frequently misdiagnose B12 deficiency as Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, heart disease, mental retardation, Parkinson’s disease, depression, or other mental illnesses...
This bestselling, classic work offers a definitive presentation of the theory and practice of cognitive therapy for depression. Aaron T. Beck and his associates set forth their seminal argument that depression arises from a "cognitive triad" of errors and from the ideosyncratic way that one infers, recollects, and generalizes...
This book is the second edition of the well-known Psychological Assessment of Adult Posttraumatic States, published in 1997. A major update from the first edition, it presents a detailed, yet practical summary of the major issues and instruments involved in the assessment of posttraumatic disturbance...
Nothing in life is to be feared. It is only to be understood. By Marie Curie Find out about Depression Net Doctor
Order drugs from online USA pharmacy with no prescription at Onlineusapharmacynoprescription.net
New trend in the field of health care today is online pharmacy with no prescription. It is said that there are certain health conditions that do not require actual physical examination by a physician. Onlineusapharmacynoprescription.net serves to provide medicines to its customers without the need for a doctor's prescription. What it does is to require customers to fill-up an online questionnaire regarding their health and one of its affiliated U.S. Licensed physicians will review the order and provide prescription. The prescription will be forwarded to one of its accredited U.S. Licensed pharmacists who will dispense the drugs. The order would then be shipped through FedEx Next day delivery system.
You can order medicines for allergies, anxiety, arthritis, birth control, blood pressure, headache, heartburn, men's health, motion sickness, muscle relaxant, pain relief, sexual health, skin care, weight loss and women's health. Medicines like antibiotics, anti-depressants and anti-parasitic are also available from online USA pharmacy with no prescription at Onlineusapharmacynoprescription.net.
On the other hand, it does not serve medicines for conditions that require physical examination by a physician. Medicines that have controlled substances like Ativan, Clonazepam, Diazepam, Valium, Lorazepam, Klonopin and others are not dispensed.
It accepts payments through major credit cards. Your card information is safe with its secure encryption that provides the highest level of protection. Shipment of orders is within the United States only. Onlineusapharmacynoprescription.net requires that delivery be received by an adult. Cancellation of orders will only be accepted if placed before the shipment or approval by its physician. Moreover, orders cannot be refunded or exchanged because of FDA regulations
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SEX and Erection Problem?
Dear Sir,
I have sex problem. SOme time I am able to do sex and some time I am not able to do so I consulted some good doctor they told me I have psycological problem. I have consulted B.K. Roy via net, all my test were normal and he told me that I suffer from depression/nervousness. I am aged 34 and over weight. I also have two yesr old son. Can you suggest me some form of treatment.
Thanks and regards
Thirty four is way too young to be starting sex problems.
From what you are describing, please check out this link that I am giving you, read the symptoms, and cause as well as the treatment.
This may make lots of sense to you.
This easy to use, inexpensive Glue Puller Kit allows for simple, cost efficient removal of small to medium dents/dings on all panels of your vehicle. More and more, light gauge sheet metal is being used in the construction of vehicles...
Cathy Wield , Specialist Registrar in Emergency Medicine Foreword by Chris Thompson and Keith Matthews , Respectively Director of Healthcare, Priory Group, Surrey and Visiting Professor, University of Southampton and London Institute of Psychiatry; Professor of Psychiatry and Head of Advanced Intervention/Neurosurgery for Mental Disorder Service, University of Dundee IN PRODUCTION - due to be published in January 2006 Life After Darkness is the remarkable and moving story of a doctor and mother of four who endured seven years of severe depression...
Do not be afraid of tomorrow; for God is already there. By Author Unknown Find out about Clinical Depression Nutrition
Unipolar Depression symptoms and Treatment Checklist
Unipolar depression is a severe form of depression. It also goes by the terms of clinical depression and major-depressive disorder.
It is a severe illness with disabling effects. It affects 10 million Americans every year. Depression affects more women than men.
Unipolar depression should not be mistaken for the other form of depression that is more violent - manic depression. Manic depression is associated with suicidal tendencies and violence towards other people.
Unipolar depression causes a person to be disinterested in normal activities and to feel unhappy. Normal activities like sleeping and eating too are affected.
It is a chronic disease - meaning it is a long term disease or condition. Once a person has this condition it will recur at least once in their lifetime. For some others it will recur many times. Depression episodes can last from 6 to 9 months when they recur in a chronically ill person.
Such a depression occurs across all age groups and no socio-economic background is exempt. However, it occurs more commonly in those between 25 and 44 years of age.
What causes unipolar depression? In some people it is spontaneous and independent of any specific event. In other it arises from trauma or severe shock.
Some scientists also believe genetics are involved. Moreover it can be brought on by improper nutrition, hormonal imbalances and social factors and finally medications for other illnesses. There are anecdotes of patients experiencing depression after a major surgery as well like simultaneous double knee joint replacement.
How would you recognize this disease in a person? The checklist below possibly indicates someone suffering from unipolar depression.
# A lack of interest in the simple pleasures of life
# Irritable and always sad
# Drastic changes in your eating and sleeping habits
# Loss of appetite and do not like any kind of food
# Can't sleep and constantly tense
# Unable to concentrate or think clearly
# feeling of worthlessness and hopelessness
# Guilty feelings for no reason.
# Suicidal tendencies
# Frequent fatigue
These intense feelings may result in severe headaches and other chronic pain which may not respond to any form of treatment. People suffering from this type of depression may exhibit one or a few of these symptoms.
Common myths surrounding depression are:
# That it is the elderly who are solely prone to it
# It is caused by flaws in a person's character
# It is a state of the mind and therefore treatment is not needed
Possible treatment options that a doctor may prescribe include:
1. Antidepressant drugs
2. Cognitive therapy
3. Psychotherapy
4. Electroconvulsive therapy
5. Lifestyle modification like diet, exercise and quitting smoking.
Pregnancy is the happiest phase of some women life but for some women it is a phase of fear and fright. Normally twenty percent of the women during pregnancy suffers from the common but normal depression symptoms. But some women suffers from major depression during pregnancy. Depression is a mood disorder that effects almost every women in their life. So it is not an issue of surprise if a pregnant women suffers from this disease. But the main problem is that women not go to the doctors during pregnancy for the treatment of depression. It is a danger sign for both the baby and the mother. Because they consider it as a part of other hormonal changes occurring in them during pregnancy. Depression during pregnancy is also known as antepartum depression. It is a mood disorder which is same like clinical depression. Pregnant women suffering from depression can have the following symptoms:
Less sleep or some time more sleep than usual.
Sudden change in eating habits
Thoughts of suicide.
Lack or difficulty in concentration.
The cause of depression in pregnant
women are as follows:
Problems in relationships
Treatment of fertility
Family history of depression
Complications in pregnancy
If Depression is left untreated then it can cause problems to both the mother and the baby. Because of depression a pregnant women can indulge in smoking, drinking etc. Depression can cause poor nutrition to both the baby and the mother which can lead to the premature birth of the baby. The new born baby can be under weight because of poor nutrition. so a pregnant women suffering from depression must be treated as soon as possible. She need to visit a doctor for the treatment. The doctor can suggest any of the following treatment depending upon the condition of the women.
Light Therapy
Medication
support group
Psychotherapy
If the depression in the women is severe then medication treatment is preferred. Only those medicines are prescribed which have minimum side effects otherwise it can cause complications during pregnancy and delivery. If you are unable to discuss your problem with the doctor frankly then you can choose any other person who is aware of your situation and showing any interest to help you.
Depression is a mental disorder which effects the life of an individual but if a pregnant woman suffers from Depression then the life become miserable. So take Depression help as soon as possible
so that it can be treated as early as possible.
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Get further details about Clinical Depression Nutrition
Insomnia & Sleep Disorders, Better Body Clinical Nutrition
Wondering what to expect when you're expecting? If so, check out these informative lessons that feature a diverse array of medical experts offering guidance on everything from prenatal care and infant CPR tips to selecting the right baby products...
Large Print Edition. Dr. Terry Wahls links micronutrient starvation to the epidemics of chronic disease that are overtaking modern society. She explains the key roles mitochondria play in maintaining a healthy brain and body...
Are You Sugar Sensitive? Have you ever wondered why you just can't seem to say no to fattening foods, alcohol or troubling behaviors like overspending and overworking? The answer is not that you're lazy, self-indulgent or undisciplined...
For years scientists have searched for a "magic bullet" to relieve the pain of depression and other mood disorders -- safe enough for nursing mothers, children with ADHD, and the elderly, without the side effects associated with medicines like Prozac, Zoloft, and lithium...
If you really put a small value upon yourself rest assured that the world will not raise your price. By Author Unknown Find out about Major Depression Nutrition
Mental Depression and Nutritional Deficiency
Copyright (c) 2007 Stephen Lau
Your mental depression may be related to your diet, in particular, your nutritional deficiency.
Mental depression and many autoimmune problems are chemically and environmentally related. Specifically, your mental depression may be due to the chemicals in your foods and the environment, which upset the normal functioning of neurotransmitters, resulting in imbalance of brain chemicals.
Unfortunately, many people with mild depression simply ignore their mental disorder, thinking their depressive episodes are no more than "seasonal blues"; while those with major depression are more likely to look upon medications as their "magic bullet."
Of course, mental depression, which is a complex mental illness, may be due to many factors. However, one common cause of mental depression is diet. Nutritional deficiency may play a pivotal role in manipulating the chemicals in your brain, which are implicated in different types of depression.
To illustrate, magnesium deficiency is prevalent among the Americans. Why is that? Due to lack of funding to support studies in this seemingly unprofitable area of research, there have not been many studies on the impact of magnesium deficiency on the American health.
Magnesium deficiency is responsible for many health problems, including allergies, panicattacks, cardiovascular disease, hypertension in children, and premenstrual syndrome. In particular, those individuals who are low in magnesium tend to be more likely to have emotional problems. If your brain chemistry is balanced, you can handle almost any type of stress. If not, then stress can exacerbate your emotional problems to the breaking point.
Physical symptoms of magnesium deficiency include twitches, cramps, muscle tension, muscle soreness, backaches, neck pain, constipation, urinary spasms, menstrual cramps, and difficulty in swallowing. Other common mental symptoms are insomnia, anxiety, hyperactivity and restlessness with constant movement, panic attacks, and premenstrual irritability. If you sigh a great deal, or have frequent headaches, you may be deficient in magnesium too.
Magnesium deficiency plays a critical role in mental depression. All chemical reactions in the body require an enzyme system to initiate the biochemical reaction, and magnesium is a critical co-factor in more than 300 enzymatic reactions in the human body. In addition, magnesium is responsible for neurotransmission abnormalities - the precursors of different types of mental disorders.
To reverse magnesium or nutritional deficiency, you need to change your diet. Magnesium is a youth-preserving mineral. As you age, your magnesium level declines due to poor absorption and inadequate diet. Two-thirds of elderly Americans eat less than 75 percent of the RDA for magnesium, and only 25 percent of Americans meet the RDA for magnesium.
Magnesium is found in whole grains, nuts, seeds, and legumes.
If necessary, take a supplement of 200-300 milligrams of magnesium. Given that you are living in a highly polluted environment, you should take a high dose of multi-vitamins and multi-minerals, and large doses of omega 3 fatty acids, if you are not consuming a great deal lot of fish, such as salmon.
Dr. James D. Gordon of Georgetown University School of Medicine recommends:
"Eliminate foods that are heavily processed and have been adulterated in any way with any kind of food additive, preservative, coloring, artificial flavoring, artificial sweetener. Aspartame has been shown to cause serious brain damage in animal. . ."
The rule of thumb, according to Dr. James Gordon, is simple: Eat whole foods. You were created to eat whole foods, not pop tarts.
If you think you can eat a whole food, and then a processed food occasionally, you will still be getting the nutrients from you whole food, think again! The chemicals, hormones, and antibiotics from a processed food may have significant long-term biological effects on your intestinal functioning, and thus preventing you from taking in nutrients from you whole food.
According to Dr. James Gordon, you should eliminate all types of sugar, except honey or rice syrup. Look at the concentrated sugar content in every Coke and other carbonated beverages that flood the consumer market. Remember, food manufacturers have everything to gain, and you have everything to lose, except your weight.
Your mental depression may be a diet-related mental disorder.
What can you add to your diet to avoid loss of nutrition and any "mental slips" while fasting on fluids?
I would like to fast on fluids but I do not want any mental slips like depression, paranoia, and I do not want to feel weak. Fasting is effective in weight loss for me it just has consequences that I would like to compromise. I intend on fasting until 25 more pounds are lost and doing stretches and areobics to maintain proper fuctions of my body, and at that point maintain the weight loss by starting a work out schedule but I was interested in "something or things" to add to my diet to avoid major nutrition loss without weight gain...
slim-fast its packed with nutrients... although an all liquids diet is not the healthy way to do it, each to there own!! Make sure to take vitems... why not add some fruits and veggies?
For years scientists have searched for a "magic bullet" to relieve the pain of depression and other mood disorders -- safe enough for nursing mothers, children with ADHD, and the elderly, without the side effects associated with medicines like Prozac, Zoloft, and lithium...
Nothing so much prevents our being natural as the desire to seem so. By François Duc de La Rochefoucauld Maxims1678 Find out about Depression Journal Topics
Timeline of United States discoveries
webelements.com/silicon/))
1831 Discovery of chloroform
Chloroform is a chemical compound known as trihalomethanes that does not undergo combustion in air, although it will burn when mixed with more flammable substances. Chloroform was first discovered in July 1831 by American physician Samuel Guthrie, independently a few months later by French chemist Eugne Soubeiran and then by German chemist Justus von Liebig.
1859 Discovery of petroleum jelly
Petroleum jelly, petrolatum or soft paraffin is a semi-solid mixture of hydrocarbons originally promoted as a topical ointment for its healing properties. The raw material for petroleum jelly was discovered in 1859 by Robert Chesebrough, a chemist from New York. In 1870, this product was branded as Vaseline Petroleum Jelly.
1873 Discovery of chemical potential
In thermodynamics, physics, and chemistry, chemical potential, symbolized by , is a term introduced by the American engineer, chemist, and mathematical physicist Josiah Gibbs in his 1873 paper A method of Geometrical Representation of the Thermodynamic Properties of Substances by Means of Surfaces.
1877 Discovery of Deimos
Deimos is the smaller and outer of Mars two moons. It was discovered by Asaph Hall in 1877.
1877 Discovery of Phobos
Phobos is the larger and closer of Mars' two small moons. It was discovered by Asaph Hall in 1877.
1891 Discovery of Amalthea
Amalthea is the third moon of Jupiter in order of distance from the planet. It was discovered on September 9, 1892, by Edward Emerson Barnard.
1899 Discovery of Phoebe
Phoebe is an irregular satellite of Saturn. It was discovered by William Henry Pickering on March 17, 1899 from photographic plates that had been taken starting on August 16, 1898 at Arequipa, Peru by DeLisle Stewart.
1908 Discovery of Seyfert galaxies
Seyfert galaxies are a class of galaxies with nuclei that produce spectral line emission from highly ionized gas, named after Carl Keenan Seyfert, the astronomer who first identified the class in 1943 although they were first discovered by Edward A. Fath in 1908 while he was at the Lick Observatory.
1910 Discovery of propane
Propane is a three-carbon alkane, normally a gas, but compressible to a transportable liquid. It is derived from other petroleum products during oil or natural gas processing. It is commonly used as a fuel for engines, barbecues, portable stoves and residential central heating. Propane was first identified as a volatile component in gasoline by Dr. Walter O. Snelling of the U.S. Bureau of Mines in 1910.
1912 Discovery of the smoking-cancer link
Dr. Isaac Adler was the first to strongly suggest that lung cancer is related to smoking in 1912.
1914 Discovery of Sinope
Sinope is a retrograde irregular satellite of Jupiter discovered by Seth Barnes Nicholson at Lick Observatory in 1914.
1915 Discovery of the Zener diode
A Zener diode is a type of diode that permits current in the forward direction like a normal diode, but also in the reverse direction if the voltage is larger than the breakdown voltage known as "Zener knee voltage" or "Zener voltage". The device was named after Clarence Zener, who discovered this electrical property.
1916 Discovery of covalent bonding
The idea of covalent bonding can be traced several years to Gilbert N. Lewis, who in 1916 described the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. He introduced the so called Lewis notation or electron dot notation or The Lewis Dot Structure in which valence electrons are represented as dots around the atomic symbols.
1916 Discovery of heparin
Heparin, a highly-sulfated glycosaminoglycan, is widely used as an injectable anticoagulant and has the highest negative charge density of any known biological molecule. It can also be used to form an inner anticoagulant surface on various experimental and medical devices such as test tubes and renal dialysis machines. It was discovered by Jay McLean and William Henry Howell in 1916.
1917 Discovery of Vitamin A
Vitamin A, a bi-polar molecule formed with bi-polar covalent bonds between carbon and hydrogen, is linked to a family of similarly shaped molecules, the retinoids, which complete the remainder of the vitamin sequence. Its important part is the retinyl group, which can be found in several forms. In foods of animal origin, the major form of vitamin A is an ester, primarily retinyl palmitate, which is converted to an alcohol in the small intestine. Vitamin A can also exist as an aldehyde, or as an acid. The discovery of vitamin A stemmed from research dating back to 1906, indicating that factors other than carbohydrates, proteins, and fats were necessary to keep cattle healthy. By 1917 one of these substances was independently discovered by Elmer McCollum at the University of Wisconsinadison, and Lafayette Mendel and Thomas Osborne at Yale University.
1925 Discovery of cepheid variables
Extragalactic astronomy is the branch of astronomy concerned with objects outside the Milky Way Galaxy. In other words, it is the study of all astronomical objects which are not covered by galactic astronomy. It was started by Edwin Hubble when, in 1925, he discovered the existence of Cepheid variables in the Andromeda Galaxy. This discovery proved the existence of a galaxy over one million light-years away and thus extragalactic astronomy was created.
1930 Discovery of Pluto
Following the discovery of the planet Neptune in 1846, there was considerable speculation that another planet might exist beyond its orbit. The search began in the mid-19th century but culminated at the start of the 20th century with a quest for Planet X. Percival Lowell proposed the Planet X hypothesis to explain apparent discrepancies in the orbits of the gas giants, particularly Uranus and Neptune, speculating that the gravity of a large unseen planet could have perturbed Uranus enough to account for the irregularities. The discovery of Pluto by Clyde Tombaugh in 1930 initially appeared to validate Lowell's hypothesis, and Pluto was considered the ninth planet until 2006.
1931 Discovery of heavy hydrogen
Heavy hydrogen is a stable isotope of hydrogen with a natural abundance in the oceans of Earth of approximately one atom in 6500 of hydrogen (~154 PPM). It was first predicted in 1926 by Walter Russell and later discovered in 1931 by Harold Urey.
1931 Discovery of cosmic radio waves
Radio astronomy is a subfield of astronomy that studies celestial objects at radio frequencies. While trying to track down a source of electrical interference on telephone transmissions, Karl Guthe Jansky of Bell Telephone Laboratories discovered radio waves emanating from stars in outer space while investigating static that interfered with short wave transatlantic voice transmissions. Thus, the field of radio astronomy was born.
1932 Discovery of the positron
The existence of positrons was first postulated in 1928 by Paul Dirac as a consequence of the Dirac equation and later discovered in 1932 by Carl D. Anderson, who gave the positron its name.
1932 Discovery of homeostasis
Homeostasis is the property of a system, either open or closed, that regulates its internal environment so as to maintain a stable, constant condition. It was first proposed and coined by Walter Bradford Cannon, a former professor and chairman of the Department of Physiology at Harvard Medical School, and popularized it in his book The Wisdom of the Body.
1933 Discovery of heavy water
Harold Urey discovered the isotope deuterium in 1931 and was later able to concentrate it in water. Urey's mentor Gilbert Newton Lewis isolated the first sample of pure heavy water by electrolysis in 1933.
1933 Discovery of polyvinylidene chloride
Polyvinylidene chloride is a polymer derived from vinylidene chloride. Its use can be found in water-based coating, the production of household items and industrial products. Ralph Wiley, a Dow Chemical lab worker, accidentally discovered polyvinylidene chloride in 1933.
1936 Discovery of elliptical galaxies
An elliptical galaxy is a galaxy having an approximately elliptical shape and a smooth, nearly featureless brightness profile. They range in shape from nearly spherical to highly flattened and in size from hundreds of millions to over one trillion stars. It was originally described by Edwin Hubble in his 1936 work he Realm of the Nebulae
1936 Discovery of the muon
The muon is an elementary particle similar to the electron, with negative electric charge and a spin of 12. It was discovered by Carl D. Anderson and Seth Henry Neddermeyer in 1936 while they studied cosmic radiation.
1936 Discovery of Vitamin E
Tocopherol, a class of chemical compounds of which many have vitamin E activity, describes a series of organic compounds consisting of various methylated phenols. During feeding experiments with rats Herbert McLean Evans concluded in 1922 that besides vitamins B and C, an unknown vitamin existed. Although every other nutrition was present, the rats were not fertile. This condition could be changed by additional feeding with wheat germ. It took several years until 1936 when the substance was isolated from wheat germ and the formula C29H50O2 was determined by Herbert McLean Evans and K.S. Bishop. The structure was determined shortly thereafter in 1938.
1936 Discovery of sodium thiopental
Sodium thiopental, better known as Sodium Pentothal, thiopentone sodium, or trapanal, is a rapid-onset short-acting barbiturate. It was discovered in the early 1936 by Ernest H. Volwiler and Donalee L. Tabern while working for Abbott Laboratories.
1937 Discovery of Niacin
Niacin, also known as vitamin B3, is a water-soluble vitamin which prevents the deficiency disease pellagra. Niacin was extracted from livers by Conrad Elvehjem who later discovered the active ingredient, then referred to as the "pellagra-preventing factor" and the "anti-blacktongue factor."
1937 Discovery of K-electron capture
Electron capture is a decay mode for isotopes that will occur when there are too many protons in the nucleus of an atom and insufficient energy to emit a positron. However, it continues to be a viable decay mode for radioactive isotopes that can decay by positron emission. K-electron capture was discovered by Luis Alvarez, who demonstrated it in 1937 and reported it in The Physical Review in April 1938.
1938 Discovery of fluropolymers
A fluoropolymer is a fluorocarbon based polymer with multiple strong carbonluorine bonds. It is characterized by a high resistance to solvents, acids, and bases. Fluoropolymers were discovered in 1938 by Dr. Roy Plunkett when he accidentally polymerized tetrafluoroethylene to form polytetrafluoroethylene.
1938 Discovery of animal echolocation
Echolocation, also called biosonar, is the biological sonar used by several animals such as dolphins, shrews, bats, and whales. The term was coined by Donald Griffin and Robert Galambos, who discovered its use by bats in 1938.
1938 Discovery of Carme
Carme is a retrograde irregular satellite of Jupiter. It was discovered by Seth Barnes Nicholson at Mount Wilson Observatory in California in July 1938.
1938 Discovery of Lysithea
Lysithea is a prograde irregular satellite of Jupiter. It was discovered by Seth Barnes Nicholson in 1938 at Mount Wilson Observatory.
1943 Discovery of streptomycin
Streptomycin is an antibiotic drug, the first of a class of drugs called aminoglycosides to be discovered, and was the first antibiotic remedy for tuberculosis. Streptomycin cannot be given orally as it must be administered by regular intramuscular injection. In 1943, Albert Schatz discovered Streptomycin.
1945 Discovery of promethium
Promethium is a chemical element whose existence was first predicted by Bohuslav Brauner in 1902. It was first produced and proven to exist at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in 1945 by Jacob A. Marinsky, Lawrence E. Glendenin and Charles D. Coryell by separation and analysis of the fission products of uranium fuel irradiated in the Graphite Reactor.
1948 Discovery of warfarin
Warfarin is an anticoagulant and pesticide. It was initially used as a pesticide but was later found to be effective and relatively safe for preventing thrombosis and embolism in many disorders and is currently the most widely used anticoagulant worldwide. It was discovered by Karl Paul Link and chemists at the University of Wisconsinadison.
1948 Discovery of Miranda
Miranda is the smallest and innermost of Uranus' five major moons. It was discovered by Gerard Kuiper on February 2, 1948 at McDonald Observatory.
1948 Discovery of seratonin
Seratonin is a monoamine neurotransmitter synthesized in serotonergic neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) and enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal tract of animals including humans. It was isolated and named in 1948 by Maurice M. Rapport, Arda Green, and Irvine Page of the Cleveland Clinic.
1948 Discovery of tetracycline
Tetracycline is a broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic indicated for use against many bacterial infections. It is commonly used to treat acne today, and played a historical role in stamping out cholera in the developed world. It was discovered by Benjamin Minge Duggar in 1948.
1949 Discovery of Nereid
Nereid, also known as Neptune II, is a moon of Neptune. Nereid was discovered on May 1, 1949 by Gerard P. Kuiper, who proposed the name in the report of his discovery. It is named after the Nereids, sea-nymphs of Greek mythology.
1951 Discovery of barium stars
Barium stars are G to K class giants, whose spectra indicate an overabundance of s-process elements by the presence of singly ionized barium, Ba II, at 455.4 nm. Barium stars also show enhanced spectral features of carbon, the bands of the molecules CH, CN and C2. The class was originally recognized and defined by William Bidelman and Philip Keenan.
1951 Discovery of Ananke
Ananke is a retrograde irregular satellite of Jupiter. It was discovered by Seth Barnes Nicholson at Mount Wilson Observatory in 1951.
1952 Discovery of rapid eye movement
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is a normal stage of sleep characterized by rapid movements of the eyes. REM sleep is classified into two categories: tonic and phasic. The phenomenon of REM sleep and its association with dreaming was discovered by Eugene Aserinsky and Nathaniel Kleitman with assistance from William C. Dement, a medical student at the time, in 1952 during their tenures at the University of Chicago. Kleitmann and Aserinsky's seminal article was published September 10, 1953.
1953 Discovery of DNA structure
In 1953, based on X-ray diffraction images and the information that the bases were paired, James D. Watson along with Francis Crick discovered what is now widely accepted as the first accurate double-helix model of DNA structure.
1955 Discovery of the antiproton
The antiproton is the antiparticle of the proton. It was discovered by University of California, Berkeley physicists Thomas Ypsilantis, Emilio Segr, Clyde Wiegand and Owen Chamberlain in 1955.
1956 Discovery of porous silicon
Porous silicon (pSi) is a form of the chemical element silicon which has an introduced nanoporous holes in its microstructure, rendering a large surface to volume ratio in the order of 500m2/cm3. It was first discovered by accident in 1956 at Bell Labs by Arthur Uhlir Jr. and Ingeborg Uhlir.
1956 Discovery of the kaon
A kaon is any one of a group of four mesons distinguished by the fact that they carry a quantum number called strangeness. It was first discovered by Leon Lederman and a group of scientists from Columbia University at Brookhaven National Laboratory.
1956 Discovery of the antineutron
The antineutron is the antiparticle of the neutron. An antineutron has the same mass as a neutron, and no net electric charge. However, it is different from a neutron by being composed of antiquarks, rather than quarks. It was discovered by Bruce Cork, William Wenzell, Glenn Lambertson and Oreste Piccioni in 1956.
1956 Discovery of the neutrino
Neutrinos are elementary particles that travel close to the speed of light, lack an electric charge, are able to pass through ordinary matter almost undisturbed and are thus extremely difficult to detect. The neutrino was first postulated in 1930 by Wolfgang Pauli and later discovered in 1956 by Clyde Cowan, Frederick Reines, F. B. Harrison, H. W. Kruse, and A. D. McGuire.
1956 Discovery of nucleic acid hybridization
Hybridization, discovered by Alexander Rich and David R. Davies in 1956, is the process of combining complementary, single-stranded nucleic acids into a single molecule.
1958 Discovery of the Van Allen radiation belt
The Van Allen radiation belt is a torus of energy charged particles around Earth, held in place by Earth's magnetic field. On the sun side, it is compressed because of the solar wind and on the other side, it is elongated to around three earth radii. This creates a cavity called the Chapman Ferraro Cavity, in which the Van Allen radiation belts reside. The existence of the belt was confirmed by the Explorer 1 and Explorer 3 missions in early 1958, under Dr. James Van Allen at the University of Iowa.
1959 Discovery of antiprotons
The antiproton is the antiparticle of the proton. It was discovered in 1955 by University of California, Berkeley physicists Owen Chamberlain and Emilio Segr for which they earned the 1959 Nobel Prize in Physics.
1960 Discovery of seafloor spreading
Seafloor spreading occurs at mid-ocean ridges, where new oceanic crust is formed through volcanic activity and then gradually moves away from the ridge. Seafloor spreading helps explain continental drift in the theory of plate tectonics. It was first proposed by Harry Hammond Hess and Robert Sinclair Dietz in 1960.
1961 Discovery of the eta meson
The eta meson is a meson made of a mix of up quark, down quark, strange quark, quarks and antiquarks. It was discovered by a team at the University of California, Berkeley using the Bevatron.
1964 Discovery of the xi baryon
In particle physics, subatomic particle (Xi) is a name given to a range of baryons with one up or down quark and two heavier quarks. They are sometimes called the cascade particles because of their unstable state, they decay rapidly into lighter particles through a chain of decays. The first discovery of the Xi particle was at Brookhaven National Laboratory in 1964.
1964 Discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation
In cosmology, the cosmic microwave background radiation CMB is a form of electromagnetic radiation filling the universe. The CMB's discovery in 1964 by astronomers Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson was the culmination of work initiated in the 1940s, earning them a Nobel Prize in 1978.
1964 Discovery of the quark
A quark is a type of elementary particle found in nucleons and other subatomic particles. They are a major constituent of matter, along with leptons. The quark model was first postulated independently by physicist Murray Gell-Mann in 1964.
1964 Discovery of the Hepatitis B virus
The Hepatitis B virus was discovered in 1965 by Baruch Blumberg, while working at the National Institutes of Health.
1965 Discovery of aspartame
Aspartame is the name for an artificial, non-saccharide sweetener, aspartyl-phenylalanine-1-methyl ester; that is, a methyl ester of the dipeptide of the amino acidsaspartic acid and phenylalanine. Aspartame was discovered in 1965 by James M. Schlatter, a chemist working for G.D. Searle & Company. Schlatter had synthesized aspartame in the course of producing an anti-ulcer drug candidate.
1965 Discovery of pulsating white dwarves
A pulsating white dwarf is a white dwarf star whose luminosity varies due to non-radial gravity wave pulsations within itself. The first pulsating white dwarf was discovered by Arlo U. Landolt when he observed in 1965 and 1966 that the luminosity of HL Tau 76 varied with a period of approximately 12.5 minutes.
1968 Discovery of the up quark
The up quark is a first-generation quark with a charge of +(2/3)e. The existence of up quarks was first postulated when Murray Gell-Mann and George Zweig developed the quark model in 1964, and the first evidence for them was found in deep inelastic scattering experiments in 1968.
1968 Discovery of the down quark
The down quark is a first-generation quark with a charge of 13. It is the second-lightest of all the six of quarks, the lightest being the up quark. Down quarks are most commonly found in nucleons. Its protons contains one down quark and two up quarks, while neutrons contain two down quarks and one up quark. Down quarks were theorized by Murray Gell-Mann and George Zweig when they discovered the quark model in 1968.
1969 Discovery of Mosher's acid
Mosher's acid, or -methoxytrifluorophenylacetic acid, discovered by Harry S. Mosher in 1969, is a carboxylic acid which was first used as a chiral derivitizing agent.
1969 Discovery of interstellar formaldehyde
Interstellar formaldehyde was first discovered in 1969 by Lewis Snyder, David Buhl, B. Zuckerman and Patrick Palmer using the National Radio Astronomy Observatory. Formaldehyde was detected by means of the 111 - 110 ground state rotational transition at 4830 MHz.
1970 Discovery of reverse transcriptase
In biochemistry, a reverse transcriptase, also known as RNA-dependent DNA polymerase, is a DNA polymerase enzyme that transcribes single-stranded RNA into double-stranded DNA. It was discovered by Howard Temin at the University of Wisconsinadison, and independently by David Baltimore in 1970 at Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
1974 Discovery of the J/ meson
The J/ is a subatomic particle, a flavor-neutral meson consisting of a charm quark and a charm anti-quark. Mesons formed by a bound state of a charm quark and a charm anti-quark are generally known as "charmonium". Its discovery was made independently by two research groups, one at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, headed by Burton Richter, and one at the Brookhaven National Laboratory, headed by Samuel Ting at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. They accidentally discovered they had found the same particle, and both announced their discoveries on November 11, 1974.
1974 Discovery of the charm quark
The charm quark is a second-generation quark with an electric charge of +23 e. It is the third most massive of the quarks, at about 1.5 GeV/c2 and roughly one and a half times the mass of the proton. It was predicted in 1964 by Sheldon Lee Glashow and James Bjorken and first observed in November 1974, with the simultaneous discovery of the J/|J/ meson charm particle at Stanford Linear Accererator Center by a group led by Burton Richter and at Brookhaven National Laboratory by a group led by Samuel C. C. Ting.
1974 Discovery of the binary pulsar
A binary pulsar is a pulsar with a binary companion, often another pulsar, white dwarf or neutron star. The first binary pulsar, PSR 1913+16 or the "Hulse-Taylor binary pulsar" was discovered in 1974 at Arecibo by Joseph Hooton Taylor, Jr. and Russell Hulse, for which they won the 1993 Nobel Prize in Physics.
1974 Discovery of Leda
Leda is a prograde irregular satellite of Jupiter. It was discovered by Charles T. Kowal at the Mount Palomar Observatory on September 14, 1974.
1975 Discovery of Themisto
Themisto is a small prograde irregular satellite of Jupiter. It was discovered by Charles T. Kowal and Elizabeth Roemer in 1975.
1976 Discovery of D mesons
D mesons are the lightest particle containing charm quarks. They are often studied to gain knowledge on the weak interaction. Since the D meson is the lightest meson containing a charm quark, it must change the charm quark into another quark to decay. D mesons were discovered in 1976 during the Mark I experiments at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center.
1977 Discovery of the tauon
The tauon is a negatively charged elementary particle with a lifetime of 2.91013 s and a mass of 1,777 MeV/c2. It was detected in a series of experiments between 1974 and 1977 by Martin Lewis Perl with his colleagues at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
1977 Discovery of the rings of Uranus
The planet Uranus has a system of rings intermediate in complexity between the more extensive set around Saturn and the simpler systems around Jupiter and Neptune. The rings of Uranus were discovered on March 10, 1977, by James L. Elliot, Edward W. Dunham, and Douglas J. Mink. More than 200 years ago, William Herschel also reported observing rings, but modern astronomers are skeptical that he could actually have noticed them, as they are very dark and faint.
1977 Discovery of the upsilon meson
The upsilon meson is a flavorless meson formed from a bottom quark and its antiparticle. It was discovered by the E288 collaboration, headed by Leon Lederman , at Fermilab in 1977, and was the first particle containing a bottom quark to be discovered because it is the lightest that can be produced without additional massive particles. It has a mean lifetime of 1.211020 second and a mass about 10 GeV.
1977 Discovery of the bottom quark
The bottom quark is a third-generation quark with a charge of 13e. The bottom quark was discovered by the E288 experiment at Fermilab in 1977 when collisions produced bottomonium.
1978 Discovery of restriction endonucleases
A restriction enzyme is an enzyme that cuts double-stranded or single stranded DNA at specific recognition nucleotide sequences known as restriction sites. Such enzymes, found in bacteria and archaea, are thought to have evolved to provide a defense mechanism against invading viruses. Inside a bacterial host, the restriction enzymes selectively cut up foreign DNA in a process called restriction; host DNA is methylated by a modification enzyme to protect it from the restriction enzyme activity. The Nobel Prize in Medicine was awarded, in 1978, to Daniel Nathans, Werner Arber and Hamilton Smith for the discovery of restriction endonucleases.
1978 Discovery of Charon
Charon, discovered by James W. Christy on June 22, 1978 while working at the United States Naval Observatory, is the largest moon of the dwarf planet Pluto.
1979 Discovery of Metis
Metis is the innermost moon of Jupiter. It was discovered in 1979 by Stephen Synnott in images taken by Voyager 1.
1979 Discovery of Thebe
Thebe is the fourth of Jupiter's moons by distance from the planet. It was discovered by Stephen Synnott in images from the Voyager 1 space probe taken on March 5, 1979 while orbiting around Jupiter.
1979 Discovery of the rings of Jupiter
The planet Jupiter has a system of rings, known as the rings of Jupiter or the Jovian ring system. It was the third ring system to be discovered in the Solar System, after those of Saturn and Uranus and was first observed in 1979 by the Voyager 1 space probe.
1980 Discovery of Pandora
Pandora is an inner satellite of Saturn. It was discovered in 1980 from photos taken by Voyager 1, and was provisionally designated S/1980 S 26.
1980 Discovery of Prometheus
Prometheus is an inner satellite of Saturn that was discovered in 1980 from photos taken by Voyager 1. It was provisionally designated S/1980 S 27.
1980 Discovery of Atlas
Atlas is a moon of Saturn that was discovered by Richard Terrile in 1980 from Voyager photos and was designated S/1980 S 28.
1981 Discovery of Larissa
Larissa, also known as Neptune VII, is the fifth closest inner satellite of Neptune. It was first discovered by Harold J. Reitsema, William B. Hubbard, Larry A. Lebofsky and David J. Tholen based on fortuitous ground-based stellar occultation observations on May 24, 1981, and given the temporary designation S/1981 N 1, being announced on May 29, 1981.
1985 Discovery of Puck
Puck is an inner satellite of Uranus. It was discovered in December 1985 by the Voyager 2 spacecraft.
1986 Discovery of Portia
Portia is an inner satellite of Uranus. It was discovered from the images taken by Voyager 2 on January 3, 1986 and was given the temporary designation S/1986 U 1.
1986 Discovery of Juliet
Juliet is an inner satellite of Uranus. It was discovered from the images taken by Voyager 2 on January 3, 1986 and was given the temporary designation S/1986 U 2.
1986 Discovery of Cressida
Cressida is an inner satellite of Uranus. It was discovered from the images taken by Voyager 2 on January 9, 1986 and was given the temporary designation S/1986 U 3.
1986 Discovery of Rosalind
Rosalind is an inner satellite of Uranus. It was discovered from the images taken by Voyager 2 on January 13, 1986 and was given the temporary designation S/1986 U 4.
1986 Discovery of Belinda
Belinda is an inner satellite of Uranus. It was discovered from the images taken by Voyager 2 on January 13, 1986 and was given the temporary designation S/1986 U 5.
1986 Discovery of Desdemona
Desdemona is an inner satellite of Uranus. It was discovered from the images taken by Voyager 2 on January 13, 1986 and was given the temporary designation S/1986 U 6.
1986 Discovery of Cordelia
Cordelia is the inner satellite of Uranus. It was discovered from the images taken by Voyager 2 on January 20, 1986 and was given the temporary designation S/1986 U 7.
1986 Discovery of Ophelia
Ophelia is an inner satellite of Uranus. It was discovered from the images taken by Voyager 2 on January 20, 1986 and was given the temporary designation S/1986 U 8.
1986 Discovery of Bianca
Bianca is an inner satellite of Uranus. It was discovered from the images taken by Voyager 2 on January 23, 1986 and was given the temporary designation S/1986 U 9.
1989 Discovery of the rings of Neptune
The rings of Neptune were discovered in 1989 by the Voyager 2 spacecraft.
1989 Discovery of Proteus
Proteus, also known as Neptune VIII, is Neptune's largest inner satellite. Proteus was discovered from the images taken by Voyager 2 during the Neptune flyby in 1989.
1989 Discovery of Despina
Despina, also known as Neptune V, is the third closest inner satellite of Neptune. Despina was discovered in late July 1989 from the images taken by the Voyager 2. It was given the temporary designation S/1989 N 3.
1989 Discovery of Galatea
Galatea, also known as Neptune VI, is the fourth closest inner satellite of Neptune. Galatea was discovered in late July 1989 from the images taken by the Voyager 2. It was given the temporary designation S/1989 N 4.
1989 Discovery of Thalassa
Thalassa, also known as Neptune IV, is the second inner satellite of Neptune. It was discovered sometime before mid-September 1989 from the images taken by the Voyager 2. It was given the temporary designation S/1989 N 5.
1989 Discovery of Naiad
Naiad, also known as Neptune III, is the inner satellite of Neptune. It was discovered sometime before mid-September 1989 from the images taken by the Voyager 2. The last moon to be discovered during the flyby, it was designated S/1989 N 6.
1995 Discovery of the top quark
The top quark is the third-generation up-type quark with a charge of +(2/3)e. It was discovered in 1995 by the CDF and D0 experiments at Fermilab and is the most massive of known elementary particles.
1995 Discovery of the Hale-Bopp comet
Comet Hale-Bopp was arguably the most widely observed comet of the twentieth century, and one of the brightest seen for many decades and it was visible to the naked eye for a record 18 months when it passed near planet Earth. Hale-Bopp was discovered by Alan Hale and Thomas Bopp on July 23, 1995 at a great distance from the Sun, raising expectations that the comet would brighten considerably by the time it passed close to Earth. Although predicting the brightness of comets with any degree of accuracy is very difficult, Hale-Bopp met or exceeded most predictions when it passed perihelion on April 1, 1997.
1998 Discovery of the embryonic stem cell line
A breakthrough in human embryonic stem cell research came in November 1998 when a group led by Dr. James Thomson at the University of Wisconsinadison first discovered a technique in order to isolate and grow cells which derived from human blastocysts, could one day lead to major medical advancements in organ transplantation as well as gene therapy and treatment of maladies such as paralysis, diabetes, cancer, and AIDS.
2001 Discovery of interstellar vinyl alcohol
Between May and June 2001, astronomers A. J. Apponi and Barry Turner discovered vinyl alcohol in the molecular cloud Sagittarius B using the National Science Foundation's 12-meter radio telescope at the Kitt Peak National Observatory.
2003 Discovery of Psamathe
Psamathe, also known as Neptune X, is a retrograde irregular satellite of Neptune. Psamathe was discovered by Scott S. Sheppard and David C. Jewitt in 2003.
2003 Discovery of Mab
Mab is an inner satellite of Uranus. It was discovered by Mark R. Showalter and Jack J. Lissauer in 2003 using the Hubble Space Telescope.
2003 Discovery of Perdita
Perdita is an inner satellite of Uranus. Perdita's discovery was complicated. The first photographs of Perdita were taken by the Voyager 2 spacecraft in 1986, but it was not recognized from the photographs for more than a decade. In 1999, the moon was noticed by Erich Karkoschka and reported. But because no further pictures could be taken to confirm its existence, it was officially demoted in 2001. However, in 2003, pictures taken by the Hubble Space Telescope managed to pick up an object where Perdita was supposed to be, finally confirming its existence.
2003 Discovery of Cupid
Cupid is an inner satellite of Uranus. It was discovered by Mark Showalter and Jack J. Lissauer in 2003 using the Hubble Space Telescope.
2005 Discovery of Hydra
Hydra is the outer-most natural satellite of Pluto. It was discovered along with Nix in June 2005 by the Hubble Space Telescope's Pluto Companion Search Team, which is composed of Hal A. Weaver, Alan Stern, Max J. Mutchler, Andrew J. Steffl, Marc W. Buie, William J. Merline, John R. Spencer, Eliot F. Young, and Leslie A. Young.
2005 Discovery of Nix
Nix is a natural satellite of Pluto. It was discovered along with Hydra in June 2005 by the Hubble Space Telescope's Pluto Companion Search Team, composed of Hal A. Weaver, S. Alan Stern, Max J. Mutchler, Andrew J. Steffl, Marc W. Buie, William J. Merline, John R. Spencer, Eliot F. Young, and Leslie A. Young.
2007 Discovery of human genome and variation mapping
The human genome is the genome of Homo sapiens, which is stored on 23 chromosome pairs. Whereas a genome sequence lists the order of every DNA base in a genome, a genome map identifies the landmarks. A genome map is less detailed than a genome sequence and aids in navigating around the genome. While working at the National Institute of Health, Craig Venter discovered a technique for rapidly identifying all of the mRNAs present in a cell, and began to use it to identify human brain genes. The short cDNA sequence fragments discovered by this method are called expressed sequence tags. Through his scientific research of bringing the world one step closer to personalized medicine, Craig Venter was listed on Time Magazine's 2007 and 2008 Time 100 list of the most influential people in the world.
2007 Discovery of the di-positronium
The di-positronium is a molecule consisting of two atoms of positronium. It was predicted to exist in 1946 by John Archibald Wheeler and subsequently studied theoretically, but was not observed until 2007 in an experiment done by David Cassidy and Allen Mills at the University of California, Riverside.
See also
List of African American inventors and scientists
NASA spinoff
National Inventors Hall of Fame
Science and technology in the United States
Technological and industrial history of the United States
Timeline of United States inventions
United States Patent and Trademark Office
Yankee ingenuity
Footnotes
^ "Chloroform". BBC Radio 4. http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/science/thematerialworld_20050728.shtml.
^ "Seyfert Galaxies". Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy. http://alumni.imsa.edu/~truvett/astrophysics/seyferts.html.
^ "The History of Propane". National Propane Gas Association. http://www.npga.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=634.
^ ""Primary Malignant Growth of the Lung and Bronchi"". A Cancer Journal for Clinicians. http://caonline.amcancersoc.org/cgi/reprint/30/5/295.pdf.
^ "Discovery of the Ninth Satellite of Jupiter". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. http://adsabs.harvard.edu//full/seri/PASP./0026//0000197.000.html.
^ "Gilbert N. Lewis". Encyclopaedia Britannica. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/338142/Gilbert-N-Lewis.
^ "Heparin used as an anticoagulant". AnimalResearch.info. http://www.animalresearch.info/en/medical/timeline/anticoagulants#ref1.
^ "Extragalactic Astronomy and Cosmology". University of Bonn. http://www.astro.uni-bonn.de/~peter/inE.html.
^ The Realm of the Nebulae. Yale University Press. http://books.google.com/books?id=kgiXdDGLpFUC.
^ "Finding Pluto: Tough Task, Even 75 Years Later". Imaginova Corp.. http://www.space.com/spacewatch/050311_pluto_guide.html.
^ "Harold C. Urey". Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1934/urey-bio.html.
^ "Karl Jansky and the Discovery of Cosmic Radio Waves". The National Radio Astronomy Observatory. http://www.nrao.edu/whatisra/hist_jansky.shtml.
^ "Carl D. Anderson". Encyclopaedia Britannica. http://student.britannica.com/comptons/article-9316287/Carl-D-Anderson.
^ "Walter Bradford Cannon". American Public Health Association. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1447286.
^ "Gilbert Newton Lewis". Massachusetts Institute of Technology. http://web.mit.edu/invent/iow/lewis.html.
^ "History of Plastics". Plastics Federation of South Africa. http://www.plasticsinfo.co.za/plastics-the-material.asp.
^ Hubble, E. P. (1936). The Realm of the Nebulae. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 36018182.
^ "Muon Lifetime Experiment Purpose Introduction". Ohio State University. http://www.physics.ohio-state.edu/~klaus/phys780.05/projects/Muon.pdf.
^ "Vitamin E". Time Magazine. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,730521,00.html.
^ "General Anesthetic Pentothal". Massachusetts Institute of Technology. http://web.mit.edu/invent/iow/volwiler_tabern.html.
^ "Niacin Augments the Benefits of Statins". Life Enhancement Products, Inc.. http://www.life-enhancement.com/article_template.asp?id=1016.
^ "Michael Sveda, the Inventor Of Cyclamates, Dies at 87". Nobel The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9507EFD61238F932A1575BC0A96F958260.
^ "Donald R. Griffin". The National Academies Press. http://www.nap.edu/readingroom.php?book=biomems&page=dgriffin.html.
^ "Two New Satellites of Jupiter". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. http://adsabs.harvard.edu//full/seri/PASP./0050//0000292.000.html.
^ "Science Engineering and Technology timeline". Intute. http://www.intute.ac.uk/sciences/timeline8.html.
^ "Time, and the great healer". Guardian News and Media Limited. http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/2002/nov/02/research.highereducation.
^ "Jacob Marinsky; co-discoverer of promethium". Boston Globe. http://www.boston.com/news/globe/obituaries/articles/2005/09/09/jacob_marinsky_co_discoverer_of_promethium/.
^ "Warfarin: almost 60 years old and still causing problems". University of Liverpool. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1885167.
^ "Miranda". Sea and Sky. http://www.seasky.org/solarsystem/sky3h2.html.
^ "Irvine Heinly Page". The National Academies Press. http://www.nap.edu/readingroom.php?book=biomems&page=ipage.html.
^ "California Megan's Law - California Department of Justice - Office of the Attorney General". California Department of Justice. http://www.dhh.louisiana.gov/offices/miscdocs/docs-249/vet/Tetracyclines.pdf.
^ "The barium stars in the Hertzsprung-Russel diagram". Harvard University. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1997A&A...321L...9B.
^ "An unidentified object near Jupiter, probably a new satellite". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. http://adsabs.harvard.edu//full/seri/PASP./0063//0000297.000.html.
^ "The elementary DNA of Dr Watson". Times Newspapers Ltd.. http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/article2630748.ece.
^ "A brief overview of porous silicon". Duke University. http://people.ee.duke.edu/~flu/index_files/A brief overview of porous silicon.pdf.
^ "Leon Lederman, the K-meson, the Muon Neutrino, and the Bottom Quark". US Department of Energy. http://www.osti.gov/accomplishments/lederman.html.
^ "2. New Directions and New Machines". UC Berkeley. http://bancroft.berkeley.edu/Exhibits/physics/extending02.html.
^ "The First Detection of The Neutrino by Frederick Reines and Clyde Cowan". University of California at Irvine. http://www.ps.uci.edu/physics/news/nuexpt.html.
^ "Scientists celebrate 50 years since key RNA discovery". Massachusetts Institute of Technology. http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2007/rna-history.html.
^ "The Van Allen Belt". NASA. http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/ask_astro/answers/970228a.html.
^ "Owen Chamberlain, 85, Dies; Discovered Antiproton". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/02/science/02chamberlain.html.
^ "Interaction of the eta-meson with light nuclei". University of South Africa. http://etd.unisa.ac.za/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-04212006-152252/unrestricted/dissertation.pdf.
^ The Xi Baryon
^ "Fighting talk on the front line". The Daily Telegraph 4. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/connected/main.jhtml?xml=/connected/2000/10/19/ecfqark19.xml.
^ "Desert Island Discs". BBC Radio 4. http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/factual/desertislanddiscs_20030119.shtml.
^ "History". The Aspartame Information Service. http://www.aspartame.net/Aspartame_history.asp.
^ "A New Short-Period Blue Variable". Harvard University. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1968ApJ...153..151L.
^ "Two Professors Share 1990 Physics Nobel". Massachusetts Institute of Technology. http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/tt/1990/oct24/nobelsmain.html.
^ "What is matter?". Jefferson Lab. http://education.jlab.org/beamsactivity/6thgrade/whatismatter/whatismatter.pdf.
^ "A versatile reagent for the determination of enantiomeric composition of alcohols and amines". Journal of Organic Chemistry. http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jo01261a013.
^ "EVENTS IN SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS". Ohio State University. http://www.physics.ohio-state.edu/~wilkins/science/sciehist.html.
^ "Reverse Transcriptase and the Generation of Retroviral DNA". National Center for Biotechnology Information. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?indexed=google&rid=rv.chapter.1053.
^ "Meson". Britannica Online Encyclopedia. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/376781/meson.
^ "Structure of Matter". Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/educational_games/physics/matter/18.html.
^ "Press Information Sheet: New Outer Satellite of Jupiter Discovered". Harvard University. http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/iau/pressinfo/S1999J1.html.
^ "JUPITER SATELLITE (2000 J1 = S/1975 J1)". University of Hawaii. http://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/faculty/jewitt/2000J1/jovs.html.
^ "Timelines of Events in Science, Mathematics, and Technology". Ohio State University. http://www.physics.ohio-state.edu/~wilkins/science/sctmln.html.
^ "Larissa". Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. http://www.astro.auth.gr/ANTIKATOPTRISMOI/nineplanets/nineplanets/larissa.html.
^ a b c d e f g h i j "The Moons of Uranus". Smithsonian Institution. http://www.nasm.si.edu/research/ceps/etp/uranus/uran_moons.html.
^ "Voyager 2 Finds Rings at Neptune (But Not All the Way Around It)". The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=950DE3DE1338F931A2575BC0A96F948260.
^ a b c d "Neptune in 3D". CSU Hayward. http://www.mcs.csuhayward.edu/~malek/Space/Solar08.html.
^ "Inquiring Minds". Fermni National Accelerator Laboratory. http://www.fnal.gov/pub/inquiring/physics/discoveries/top_quark.html.
^ "THE DISCOVERY OF COMET HALE-BOPP". NASA. http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/comet/discovery.html.
^ "James Thomson: shifts from embryonic stem cells to induced pluripotency". Nature. http://www.nature.com/stemcells/2008/0808/080814/full/stemcells.2008.118.html.
^ "Scientists Toast the Discovery of Vinyl Alcohol in Interstellar Space". National Radio Astronomy Observatory. http://www.nrao.edu/pr/2001/vinylalco/.
^ a b "New names for Pluto's moons". PhysicsWorld. http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/25196.
^ "Top 10 Scientific Discoveries". Time Inc.. http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/top10/article/0,30583,1686204_1686252_1690928,00.html.
^ "Molecules made with antimatter". Royal Society of Chemistry. http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/News/2007/September/13090701.asp.
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Categories: American inventions | History of science and technology in the United States | Technology-related lists | Lists of inventions or discoveries | United States-related listsHidden categories: Wikipedia articles needing clarification from April 2009 About the Author
I am a professional editor from China Suppliers
, and my work is to promote a free online trade platform.
http://www.frbiz.com/ contain a great deal of information about
OK so schools all around my city are doing this project on Canadian History; it's kind of like a competition because one project will win. You can pick any topic and I've picked the Depression in Canada. Most people are writing fake journals, doing a magazine or newspaper, doing interviews, etc. How can I use the topic that I have to make a really unique and interesting project? Thank you
Make a little web page and powerpoint
presentation.
30 Writing Prompts for Exploring Your Depression Depression affects so many people around the world and for a variety of reasons. And depression manifests itself in many different ways, and sometimes, we don’t even know when we are depressed...
The one permanent emotion of the inferior man is fear - fear of the unknown the complex the inexplicable. What he wants above everything else is safety. By Henry Louis Mencken Find out about Major Depression Journal
Beat Depression with These Good Mood Foods
From time to time, we all suffer from stress and anxiety, even depression. It may be work related, family problems or financial concerns. The stress caused by these worries can lead to health problems, including high blood pressure, heart disease, cancer, stroke and even obesity. Then we start to stress over our health problems. It's a vicious circle.
IF YOU ARE CONSIDERING ANTIDEPRESSANT drugs, BE CAREFUL.
All antidepressants work by manipulating the brain's use of serotonin, the chemical largely responsible for your mood. A study published in the British Medical Journal shows that the use of antidepressants can increase the risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding for people over 65. And the newer types of antidepressants, called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors {SSRIs} are the worst offenders. These drugs can also cause nausea, headache, dry mouth, insomnia, sexual dysfunction and tremors.
YOUR OPTIONS.
These prescription drugs are NOT the only option for dealing with stress and depression. Studies have found that people respond just as well to natural therapies without the toxic side effects. According to Dr Michael Rosenbaum, author of "Energy For Life", a B complex supplement, along with vitamin C can make a big difference. He also recommends St John's Wort. Beware however of drug interactions with this herb. It can be effective for mild depression, but should NEVER be taken if you are on warfarin therapy or taking SSRIs. As with all changes in diet, you should FIRST discuss it with your family doctor.
HERE ARE SOME OTHER SUGGESTIONS.
OMEGA 3 FATTY ACIDS.
For a long time we've known that fish is healthy for you, but American nutritionist Joseph Hibbeln, claims that a fish diet can dramatically improve your state of mind, even cure depression. Mr Hibbeln, from the US National Institutes of Health, says the Omega 3 fats in fish influence our state of mind by altering one of our brain's key chemical messengers, serotonin. Lack of it is thought to be the cause of depression. His studies are confirmed by research at Harvard Medical School. Deep sea fish such as tuna, swordfish and salmon are 3
sources of Omega 3 fatty acids.
SEROTONIN RICH FOODS AND SUPPLEMENTS.
Other sources of serotonin, the neurotransmitter that helps to improve our sense of wellbeing, include: vitamin D { cod liver oil and sunshine}, sunflower seeds, bananas, turkey, avocados, mangoes, broccoli, almonds, vitamin B6 and the mineral magnesium. Camomile is a herb rich in magnesium and chamomile tea can be effective as a bedtime "relaxant". These "mood foods" are required to convert the amino acid tryptophan to serotonin.
KOREAN {PANAX} GINSENG.
Ginseng is a tonic herb renowned for its benefit in helping the body "adapt" to stress. As a balancer of body energies, it helps to relax and relieve stress as well as promote stamina.
VITAMIN B9 {FOLATE OR FOLIC ACID}
Studies with those suffering mild and major depression have shown low blood concentrations of the B vitamin nutrient folate. Sources of folate include: liver, asparagus, lentils, chick peas, beans, spinach and other leafy green vegetables.
SAMe
One of the most exciting breakthroughs in natural approaches to treating depression is SAMe. Naturally produced in the human body, it has largest concentrations in the liver, followed by the adrenal glands, heart, kidneys, lungs and brain. Healthy people naturally produce sufficient SAMe, but a deficiency in the blood can result in depression.
SAMe helps increase the blood levels of the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin, encouraging the brain cells to be more responsive to these "feel good" chemicals. This helps promote focus, concentration, calmness and mood elevation. It is also a liver tonic and may assist with arthritis pain. When taken as a supplement, make sure it includes the key nutrients vitamin B12 and folic acid to optimize natural SAMe production.
Never start a new treatment before consulting your doctor, especially if you are currently taking medication. The information published in this article is not intended as a substitute for personal medical advice from your physician or other qualified health-care practitioner. It is for information purposes only.
About the Author
Graeme Lanham is a freelance writer and health/fitness researcher. His new book "Your Life Fitness" includes current research studies on fitness and anti-aging. Discover more about the secrets to beating depression and receive a FREE subscription to his regular subscribers only newsletter at:
Real estate and economy uncertainty: Sell and rent?
Yesterday's Wall Street Journal had an article about Fannie May and Freddie Mac experiencing vulnerability due to the mortgage/housing market. The article quoted an analyst as saying, "We are seeing unprecedented foreclosures and declines in home prices not seen since the Great Depression."
For those who are blessed with great equity in their homes and the ability to pay their mortgages, should they be selling their homes? Do very prominent real estate experts expect a major depression that would affect not only the housing market as well as jobs? If so, it seems the only way to somewhat insulate oneself from a housing disaster would be to own your home outright, have virtually no equity (thereby no financial loss), or sell and rent.
What about those of us who don't have subprime loans, can pay our mortgages (in a relative stable economy) and don't want to sell? What are some of the well-known financial advisers like Suze Orman and others like "Wall Street" saying?
I am sorry but I don't follow your line of reasoning.
You don't have a housing disaster if you can pay your mortgage. It doesn't matter what prominent real estate experts say. If you have equity, can afford your payment why on earth would you sell and rent?
Do you have any idea how many 'renters' are getting notices that the landlord is in foreclosure and those renters are SOL?
Don't apply whats going on in a segment of our economy to yourself when it does not apply to you. While your value may fluxuate due to the market.......you are in a position to ride it out if you can make your payment. Many investors are just sitting on the sidelines waiting and alot are hanging out at foreclosure sales. Its a time to buy not sell.
Turn off your TV. Your getting freaked into thinking about stupid moves when you have no reason to be freaked out.
Good Luck
OBA
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Depression and whiplash injury have a lot in common
.cs95E872D0{text-align:left;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt} .cs5EFED22F{color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; font-style:normal; } The twenties and thirties witnessed dramatic changes in American life: increasing urbanization, technological innovation, cultural upheaval, and economic disaster...
This digital document is a journal article from Journal of Anxiety Disorders, published by Elsevier in 2007. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase...
"People become attached to their burdens sometimes more than the burdens are attached to them. By George Bernard Shaw ""Family Affection Parents and Children, 1914 panic is a sudden desertion of us, and a going over to the enemy of our imagination. By Christian Nevell Bovee
Somehow our devils are never quite what we expect when we meet them face to face. By Nelson DeMille
For peace of mind, resign as general manager of the universe. By Author Unknown
We experience moments absolutely free from worry. These brief respites are called panic. By Cullen Hightower
If you treat every situation as a life and death matter, you'll die a lot of times. By Dean Smith
It only seems as if you are doing something when you're worrying. By Lucy Maud Montgomery
A hundredload of worry will not pay an ounce of debt. By George Herbert
As a cure for worrying, work is better than whiskey. By Thomas A. Edison
Worry often gives a small thing a big shadow. By Swedish Proverb
Never bear more than one kind of trouble at a time. Some people bear three - all they have had, all they have now, and all they expect to have. By Edward Everett Hale
That the birds of worry and care fly over you head, this you cannot change, but that they build nests in your hair, this you can prevent. By Chinese Proverb
We can easily manage if we will only take, each day, the burden appointed to it. But the load will be too heavy for us if we carry yesterday's burden over again today, and then add the burden of the morrow before we are required to bear it. By John Newton
Worry bankrupts the spirit. By Berri Clove
Worry ducks when purpose flies overhead. By C. Astrid Weber
It is the little bits of things that fret and worry us; we can dodge a elephant, but we can't dodge a fly. By Josh Billings
Worry, doubt, fear and despair are the enemies which slowly bring us down to the ground and turn us to dust before we die. By Attributed to Douglas MacArthur
You can never worry your way to enlightenment. By Terri Guillemets
When you suffer an attack of nerves you're being attacked by the nervous system. What chance has a man got against a system? By Russell Hoban
Any concern too small to be turned into a prayer is to small to be made into a burden. By Corrie ten Boom, Clippings from My Notebook
I am reminded of the advice of my neighbor. Never worry about your heart till it stops beating."" By E.B. White Find out about Online Depression Journals
There has been a growing interest in Online Therapy using email, correspondence and live video conferencing using Skype or similar free services. The convenience of this approach for the client is very apparent: The client can take control of the process, paying only for the time that he or she wants to pay for. The client can have his session at a time that is convenient to him, and can take the time to compose his email questions and feedback at his leisure, instead of feeling pressured to perform during a traditional session. Of course, not having to take time off work to drive to a therapist's office is always a plus. Generally the cost for online sessions is much lower too since the therapist doesn't have to pay for office space. Generally, it is well recognized that if you make therapy more accessible and more convenient, then people will be more likely to stick with it, and this is always a major factor in the successful outcome of psychotherapy.
What about effectiveness?
Well, in a clinical study published in the Lancet in August, 2009, Online Therapy, via instant messaging, resulted in a significant recovery rate for patients suffering from depression. The treatment method used was Online Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT).
In general online therapy works best when clients are offered specific strategies with which they can experiment at home. Techniques such as CBT, Neuro-Linguistic Programming (nlp), Mindfulness-based Psychotherapy (http://www.mindfulnessmeditationtherapy.com) are particularly appropriate.
The very process of writing down your thoughts in an email is an immensely powerful tool for helping you develop a more objective relationship with emotions, which can be very abstract and difficult to verbalize. This is why journaling has long been encouraged in many schools of psychotherapy. Then taking the bold step of sharing this with another person is also very empowering for most people. Some people are good at doing this face-to-face, but many actually feel intimidated and need more time to formulate the right words, without a therapist pressing them for content.
The online approach can also be good for the therapist, because he or she can take time to design the right strategies to offer the client and not feel pressured to provide a solution on the spot.
Is Online Therapy a substitute for face-to-face sessions?
No, probably not, but it is clearly an excellent addition, and provides an alternative for those who don't feel comfortable with traditional therapy sessions, or are unable to attend such sessions. It may be particularly useful for those suffering from social anxiety or agoraphobia. One thing is for certain: the internet has become a major part of most people's lives, and we should develop the extraordinary potential of the World Wide Web for bringing people together to promote healing.
Internet Psychotherapy and Counseling provides a vehicle that will allow many more people to connect and find wise counsel for working with their emotional issues than is possible through in-person sessions alone.
In my work in online counselling, mostly by email, I am always pleased to see how clients become more empowered through the process. Recently, I helped a person in South Africa, who was struggling with anxiety following a recent personal trauma. It was a joy to see his emails in the morning and then take the time to suggest the next exercise to practice to help him resolve his inner pain. We never met in person and probably never will, but nevertheless, I have been able to help heal his inner trauma, and that is immensely satisfying to me as an online therapist as it was to him as an online client.
Peter Strong, PhD is a scientist and Psychotherapist, based in Boulder, Colorado, who specializes in Mindfulness Meditation Therapy and NLP to treat anxiety, depression, phobias, grief, and post-traumatic stress. He specializes in Online Psychotherapy and teaches individuals and couples strategies for overcoming emotional problems. Visit
You can purchase a copy of his book ‘The Path of Mindfulness Meditation' through Amazon.
About the Author
Peter Strong, PhD is a psychotherapist, teacher and author based in Boulder, Colorado, who specializes in the study of mindfulness and its application in Mindfulness Psychotherapy for healing the root causes of anxiety, depression and traumatic stress.
Besides face-to-face therapy sessions, Dr Strong offers Online Mindfulness Meditation Therapy through Skype and email correspondence.Teaching seminars are available for groups and companies.
You can purchase a copy of his book ‘The Path of Mindfulness Meditation' through AMAZON.com, AMAZON.ca, AMAZON.co.uk and Barnes&Nobles.com
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would this be something people would even want to read?
I'm 17 [almost 18] and I've spent the last 7 months in a residential treatment center for depression, bulimia, self injury, suicidal thoughts and gestures and some other junk. But through the course of my treatment I got into journaling and so I have them from the start up to where I am now and I'm supposed to be getting out soon.
I wanted to get something like an online journal where I can put up my journal entires from treatment and have them read. They show how much depressions sucks and changes you, how you keep yourself in it, or will do anything to. that residential happens and what its like. and how difficult but rewarding treatment is.
do you think anyone would even be interested in reading them?
Definately. Check out www.wordpress.com
Best of Luck! I think its a great idea
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Teenage Girl Sad Story (Abuse, Depression,Suicide) *REMAKE*
"Dr. Morgentaler, an internationally recognized expert in sexual medicine and male hormones, shares his secrets for a healthy life."--Irwin Goldstein, M.D., Director of Sexual Medicine, Alvarado Hospital, San Diego, and Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Sexual Medicine "A highly valuable resource...
Forgiveness Is a Choice is a self-help book for people who have been deeply hurt by another and caught in a vortex of anger, depression, and resentment. As a creator of the first scientifically proven forgiveness program in the country, Robert D...
Emotional balance is within your reach—when you cultivate the intelligence of both your body and mind. Bo Forbes, a psychologist and yoga teacher, presents an integrative approach to healing anxiety, depression, and chronic stress...
Fear is faith that it won't work out. By Sister Mary Tricky Find out about Adolescent Depression Journals
Can children learn to meditate?
As meditation becomes more and more popular among adults, teaching meditation to children is being promoted as a way to create centeredness and focus at a tender age. Yet many teachers and parents recognize the difficulty of a young child to silence the mind and sit still. As a result, a variety of "children's meditations" are being invented that often use imagination, focusing on the breath or trying to find stillness within. Unwittingly, these practices have been introduced to children without any track record of success and little if any scientific research on the effects they may have on a child's brain and development.
Some parents may wonder: should children be taught to discipline their minds or channel their imagination for specific purposes? At what age is it appropriate for my child to meditate? What kind of practice is safe and effective for children? Is there any tradition, precedence or scholarly authority behind the practice of children's meditation? Is meditation something I can teach my child, or do along with them? The ancient, venerated Vedic Tradition of meditation prescribes different practices at specific stages of development in the child's life. Because very young children are still integrating their inner world with the outer world around them, they may find it difficult to practice a meditation that requires them to sit still or inhibits their natural inclination to know and discover. Attempts to settle a child through directing their attention to breathing or trying to create inner silence may instead cause strain and frustration for the exuberant, growing child.
One technique of meditation that has been successfully introduced to many middle and high schools throughout America and around the world is the Transcendental Meditation technique. Based on the broad spectrum of scientific research on the effectiveness of the TM technique for students, [1] educators have felt confident that the Transcendental Meditation program is a safe and reliable practice to help children cope with stress and improve learning ability [2] and behavior [3]. Over 140,000 school children around the world have learned the TM technique in the past three years.
Science has looked at what happens in a the brain during the practice of the TM technique. Findings indicate a healthy development of coherence and balance between all parts of the brain, with increased activation of the pre-frontal cortex [4], the part of the brain responsible for discrimination and higher reasoning. Notably, this type of holistic brain functioning is not found while a child is studying, playing, watching TV, or listening to music; nor does this balanced, holistic brain functioning come about through other types of meditation exercises, such as minding the breath, visualizing, or directing the imagination. All such activities activate specific areas of the brain. Only the meditative state associated with 'transcending' during TM practice has been found to activate the entire brain in this holistic way.
Practice of the TM technique not only stimulates brain development and learning ability in children, but also provides natural relief from stress, anxiety, [5] depression [6] and fatigue. “One of the best-documented ways to address anxiety in children is to teach them to deeply relax themselves. Children and adolescents often encounter stress at home and at school” says Dr. William Stixrud, clinical neuropsychologist and faculty at the Children’s National Medical Center in Washington, D.C.. “If you can effectively treat a child's anxiety problems, you significantly decrease the likelihood that they’re going to develop depression, or addictive behaviors, or other kinds of mental health problems. Transcendental Meditation becomes a very important tool, not only in the treatment of children with anxiety problems, but also in the prevention of anxiety disorders.”
Reducing stress [7] and increasing inner happiness increases flexibility, social abilities and self esteem. Children who find approval from within rather than needing it from the outside, are less influenced by peer pressure. Cultivating the practice of meditation can become a valuable tool that a child uses as he matures, preparing him to meet the stresses and challenges of adulthood.
What is the appropriate time in a child's development to sit and practice eyes-closed meditation? According to the tradition of the Transcendental Meditation program—the Vedic Tradition—no sooner than ten years of age. Starting with just a few minutes morning and afternoon, children ten and older find the practice of the Transcendental Meditation technique easy to master because it doesn't require focus, concentration or that they sit still. Even children with ADHD are able to practice this meditation successfully [8].
What about children under ten? A special practice appropriate for the developmental stage of early childhood it is the Maharishi Word of Wisdom technique. This eyes-open meditation can be learned by children starting at ages three to four.This practice strengthens the mind and stabilizes the emotions of the young child. The children's TM technique is practiced a few minutes each day with eyes open, while the child is quietly engaged in easy, natural activities such as walking or coloring. The children’s technique has been found to promote balance in mind and body and integrate the child's nervous system. [9] The child grows in stability in relation to the outer world and does not become introverted or withdrawn by attempting many such meditative practices that would be unatural for them.
Children benefit most from meditation when their parents are also meditating. A family that meditates together typically finds that their home life grows more harmonious and blissful. There's more time for nourishing interactions when stress is released during meditation instead of outbursts and arguments.
So what will it be for your children, zoning out in front of the TV, or a few minutes of daily meditation?
1. Broader comprehension and improved ability to focus Perceptual and Motor Skills (39: 1031–1034, 1974) Increased calmness Physiology & Behavior (35: 591–595, 1985) Improved Academic Performance. Education 107 (1986): 49–54; Education 109 (1989): 302–304; Modern Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 17 (2005): 65–91.
2. Nidich S.I., et al. School effectiveness: Achievement gains at the Maharishi School of the Age of Enlightenment. Education 107: 49-54, 1986. Fergusson L.C. Field Independence and art achievement in meditating and nonmeditating college students. Perceptual and Motor Skills 75: 1171-1175, 1992.
3. Barnes V.A., et al. Impact of stress reduction on negative school behavior in adolescents. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 1:10, 2003.
4. Increased EEG Coherence during Transcendental Meditation. International Journal of Neuroscience 14: 147–151, 1981.
5. Dillbeck M.C. The effect of the Transcendental Meditation technique on anxiety level. Journal of Clinical Psychology 33: 1076-1078, 1977.
6. Decreased depression and Transcendental Meditation Journal of Counseling and Development (64: 212–215, 1985)
7. Barnes V. A., et al. Impact of Transcendental Meditation on cardiovascular function at rest and during acute stress in adolescents with high normal blood pressure. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 51, 597-605, 2001.
8. Use of the Transcendental Meditation technique to reduce symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) by reducing stress and anxiety. Current Issues in Education: Volumn 10, 2008. 9. Alexander C.N., et al. Effect of Practice of The Children’s Transcendental Meditation Technique on Cognitive Stage Development: Acquisition And Consolidation of Conservation, Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 17, 21-46, 2005.
About the Author
Jeanne Ball earned a Ph.D from Maharishi European Research University and has over 35 years of experience in teaching Transcendental Meditation to children and adults of all ages and backgrounds, specializing in ADHD, ADD, addiction recovery, anxiety, depression, hypertension and other stress related disorders. The David
Lynch Foundation., Doctors
on Meditation, TM.org
Every teenager whether it be on myspace, live journal or a self help group has depression, but not just any depression, no it's got to be severe depression. On self injury websites they compete for who's the most 'messed up' whether it be who's the most promiscuous, drug addicted, post pictures of their injuries or who has the longer list of mental disorders.
An exfriend/room mate once dragged me in for a psych evaluation. She was there when the doc said I have bipolar disorder. I don't, but that's not the point. This girl later admitted to being jealous. My suspicion was that she was just another ignorant adolescent trying to fit in by being different. Who would actually want to be bipolar?!
Why does this happen? Is it an attention thing? Are teenagers simply not educated about what is going on with them as adolescents? Is there comfort in knowing that they might just be able to pop a pill and make it all better?
(I do not doubt that SOME teens do have these problems.)
First let me say that if I had a choice to be bipolar or not I would be bipolar and for this reason. Bipolar means far more then just mood swings. It is part of you makes up who I am and is part of my over all identity. with out it I would not be me and if I had never had it at all I would not be the understand person I am. Yes there are times I wish I was not on the depressive side of things but for the most part being hypermainc is the best I could ever feel. I am not a teenager but have had bipolar since I was 10 years old but was not diagnosed till I was 19 and yes it would not be that I am jealous you have been dx with bipolar but at that time in my life I would have been jealous that you had a reason for what was going on and I was still struggling to know why I was like this.
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Thanks to sharper diagnosis and better medicine, the future is brighter for people with bipolar disorder than in past generations. But if you or someone you love is struggling with the frantic highs and crushing lows of this illness, there are still many hurdles to surmount at home, at work, and in daily life...
As a rule what is out of sight disturbs men's minds more seriously than what they see. By Julius Caesar Find out about Depression Journals
Tips for Combating Depression and Anxiety
Depression and anxiety affect more than 20 million adults every year. With depression symptoms ranging from mild to severe, more people are seeking help for the treatment of depression and anxiety than ever before. Treatment options for depression and anxiety include prescription medication, hormone therapy, psychotherapy, and a variety of other specialized therapies.
Since each case is unique, there is no "one-size-fits-all" cure for these sometimes debilitating mental disorders. But when natural remedies are used in conjunction with other types of treatment, treatment success rates can soar!
Regardless of whether or not you are in a professional depression or anxiety treatment program, there are a number of things that you can do to help yourself.
Natural remedies for these mental disorders don't get a lot of attention so they're often overlooked as successful treatment options. Fortunately the situation is changing. Natural remedies for depression and anxiety are most effective when used in conjunction with professional therapy. For many patients, that combination is enough and additional treatment methods usually aren't required.
Here are some proven tips for getting depression and anxiety under control:
Banish Negative Thoughts
Although it's nearly impossible to prevent negative thoughts from creeping into our minds, negativity makes depression and anxiety worse. Try to offset these thoughts by focusing on the positive things going on in your life. Positive, happy thoughts trigger the brain to release "feel good" chemicals that combat depression and anxiety naturally.
Avoid Associating with Negative People
Sharing your life with people who are negative only strengthens your own negative feelings. Likewise, sharing your life with positive, upbeat people strengthens your positive feelings. The choice is voluntarily so choose the people who can help you and avoid the ones who can't.
Journal Your Way to Relaxation
Take a few minutes each day to write in a journal. You don't have to create a novel, just jot down your thoughts on the positive and negative aspects of each day and note what made you depressed and what made you happy. At the end of each week take time to reread what you've written. Before you know it you'll have a clear picture of the things that lift you up and which ones bring you down. As soon as possible, start avoiding the things that affect you negatively and start doing more of the things that make you happy.
Tap Into the Power of Affirmations
Affirmations are uplifting statements that you say out loud. Because affirmations are spoken as if the results you are seeking have already occurred, they work by programming your subconscious to make true that which you have already told it to be true.
Feel free to create your own affirmations or use these:
"I deserve the happiness that I feel every day."
"I think only positive and uplifting thoughts."
"I am in control of my moods and outside issues do not affect me negatively."
"I love myself and I deserve the love of others."
Summary
You are in control of your thoughts and feelings. Depression and anxiety are not unbeatable conditions that you are powerless to control. Start by following the tips presented in this article and then seek the help of an expert in the field of anxiety and depression management if you require additional assistance.
Im looking for teen books withserious deep topics. depression, anoerixia, bulimia, suicidal type books.?
Im looking for teen books withserious deep topics. depression, anoerixia, bulimia, suicidal type books.?
some examples ive read
cut
ginger bread
burn journals
perfect
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